Security systems of today, have complicated mechanisms, but alarm terminology has basically, not changed.
If you’re looking for a home security system, here’s some terminology language and lingo.
Radio Frequency is a wireless method of transmitting a signal from a door, window, or motion sensor to the Control Panel. If the system is armed, and the zone is active, it would trip the alarm. If the system is NOT armed, or the zone is turned off, nothing will happen.
Supervised: Most wireless alarm systems today are supervised. This means each sensor within the system has its own code number. When it transmits a signal (a door opens or a motion sensor is tripped), the Control Panel will identify the signal that it receives by the sensor’s code number. Supervision also enables the Control Panel to know and identify a sensor that reports a low on-board battery.
Door and window contacts are two pieces; a magnet and a contact switch. They are always mounted side by side (sometimes they are drill mounted in doors). When the magnet is separated from the switch, for instance, a door opens, and if the system is armed, an alarm will sound. If the system is not armed, nothing happens, (but the Control Panel knows and sometimes keeps a log of the time and date when a given door, or other sensor was activated. However, no alarm was actually triggered.
Motion sensors can be wired or wireless. There are several different kinds of motion sensors, Ultrasonic, Microwave Infrared, or a combination of both. The most sensitive of these sensors is Microwave. They can see through doors, walls, windows, just about anything except metal. They can cause a lot of false alarm problems because of their long range and sensitivity. Ultrasonics aren’t used that much anymore, as they were false alarm-prone.
Most motion sensors today use Passive Infrared or heat sensitive technology. The sensor, detects motion, measures the difference in the temperature of the room, and that of a human body (98.6 verses 72 degrees). When it sees the two different temperatures, it sends a signal to the Control Panel, which trips an alarm. Interior traps (motion sensors) can be zoned off, so that a user can walk around their home without tripping an alarm, but the sensor is never actually turned off. The zone the sensor is located in, is turned off. The viewing pattern of Infrared sensors can be modified, using scotch tape. This is often done to ‘raise the pattern’ so the sensor does not detect dogs or cats, and only sees motion of, say, 3 feet or more off the floor.
Control Panels are computers that keep track of and process signals from the various sensors (door, window, motion, glass breakage, under-carpet floor mats, etc.). They also report alarm conditions to a Central Station when triggered. The Control Panel takes care of accepting coded signals from number keypads used to arm/disarm the system. Every system has at least one keypad, but many have 2 or 3 (one in the main entry foyer or laundry room off the garage, one in the master bedroom, and maybe one in the Family room). The user enters a preselected arm/disarm code (1357 or whatever combination the user wants). The code either arms or disarms the system. It will also reset an alarm. The Control Panel also monitors smoke detectors, which are always active.
In most modern alarm systems, voice communication is active. This means, when an alarm signal is sent to the Central Station, the operator opens something similar to a phone circuit. He/She can talk and listen to the house. Listening is often ineffective because of the loud alarm siren. When the system is reset, the operator and the user can talk as if they were on a telephone. If there is a crisis, the operator can be made aware, and appropriate help dispatched (police, fire, ambulance). If the user is not home, the operator can continue to listen to the house while dispatching police.
Delayed entry/exit doors are becoming obsolete because of the use of tiny key fobs (button devices similar to those used to arm/disarm vehicle alarms). But there is still a bunch of them out there. A delayed entry/exit door(s) is programmed and monitored by the Control Panel. If User A leaves the house, they would arm the system at the number keypad (say, 1357). Then open the delayed door and exit. The system will allow any amounts of preselected time for the exit process. After the exit window has closed (say 60 seconds), the door is armed. When User A returns, they enter thru the same door. The entry window is usually very short, maybe 20 or 30 seconds. This allows the user to walk to the keypad and enter the combination (1357) to disarm the system.
A nice feature of the newer keypads/Control Panels is protection against forced entry (for instance, bad guy forces User A into the house and tells her to disarm the alarm). If the arm/disarm code is 1357, she might enter 1358. This code will disarm the alarm system, but it also sends a silent alert to the Central Station. They will have been programmed in advance to listen to the house, but make no sound. Once they determine there is a real problem, they notify police and stay on the line with both the house and the police to remain updated while authorities drive to the house.
Many systems have inside and/or outside siren speakers. The idea is to scare the intruder away, not catch them. I always used inside speakers. Reason: if bad guys are trying to get IN, I want them to hear the siren. Many outside speakers can’t be heard from inside.
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